District op colttmbia



Oct. 28, 1:930. E. E. CLEMENT Re 171,347

RADIOPHONE SYSTEM Original Filed Aug- 14, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 @i3/'fl Oct. 28, 4193.0. u A l E. E. CLEMENT I R-'17847 RADIOPHONE SYSTEM Original Filed Aug. 14, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 31u/vento@ Oct. 28, 1930. E. E. CLEMENT Re 17,947

RADI OPHONE SYS TEM Original Filed Aug. 14, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Oct. 28, 1930. E. E. CLEMENT HADIOPHONE SYSTEM Original Filed Aug. 14, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Oct. 28, 1930. E. E. CLEMENT Re- 17,347

RADIOPHONE SYSTEM original Filed Aug. 121, 1922 e sheets-sheet s Oct. 28, 1930. E. E. CLEMENT Re. 17,847

RADIOPHONE SYSTEM Original Filed Aug. 14, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Reissued Oct. 28, 1930 UNi'rr-.D STATES EDWARD E. CLEMENT, 'OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT 0F COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR T0 EDWARD F. COLLADAY, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT 0F COLUMBIA RADIOPHONE SYSTEM original No. 1,522,357, dated January e, 1925, sel-iai No. 551,829, sied August' 14, 1922. Renewed July 22,

1924. Reissue No. 18,231, dated December 15, 1925, ,Serial No. 42,100, filed July 7, 1925. This application for reissue led December 31, 1926. Serial No. 158,350.

My invention relates to systems of communication, and particularly to telephone and radio systems.

It has for its objects, among others, the

broadcasted on various Wave lengths; to

control vradio broadcasting (so that it may supplement in organized service existing telephone exchange systems'in such manner 20 that the Government, in time of public need,

may take over such radio broadcasting systems on an organized basis, and o eratev "or supervisev the same, Without distur ance of the telephone service.

Incidental objects are to enable transition, 'from rWired to so-called Wireless methods of communication to be accomplished Without substantial changesin practice, or injury to investment; and to ensure the proper and 3io natural organization of radio'systems when such transition occurs.

Tlieioregoing objects are attained bythe method oi operation to `be hereinafter de scribed, which, it is to be understood, ,is typ'ca'l, and is to be taken as such, 'for purposes olf definition and not oi'limitation ofl the invention. According to this method I provide a system` having for' its basis the distribution lamong regular subscribers Vin 40 .localized` areas, of standardized receiving in`` struments,reacl1 local area taking its broad` casting service `from its o Wn centralv station lon such Wave lengths as may be lined and deteiiniiied for that YEach receiving station is connected to thelocal central stationby a Wire circuit through which both dit "bution and the control of. themlocal station are attained. Without,being 'subject to the limitations of an all-,Wire Atelephone system, this arrangement enables -me conveniently to feed the substations with current from central tor divers purposes, to control the receiving instruments at said stations from 'the' central station, and to meter the" radio service rendered for the purpose oi' making charges.y Other benefits iiowing from this arrangement 'Will' sufliciently appear from the detailed description hereinafter.

in order to make it possible for subscribers to Vboth send and receive, Without technical knowledge and Without the necessity for operatorsi licenses, 'I provide the substation radioplione instrument With means for communicating over the `Wire `circuits to the radio' central station, Where they may be connected through suitable amplifiers to broadcasting wave transmitters. This attains another object, that is tosay, it gives the radio operator supervision and control of the message to be broadcasted as it comes over the telephone circuit, and before it goes on the ivave transmitter.

`The ruse o'l individual Wire circuits as described renders it v'possible to locate each unit Aand, by special means Which Will be described, to test and supervise said lunit at the substation, as Well'as to 'disconnect and disable the same in case of necessity. Y.

By using standardized receiving units, all uniformly tunedto-the Wave length. of the local distributing s'tation,-I am able topiol vide said distributing station With sensitive and powerful receiving and relaying' apparatus and circuits, whereby distant stations may be picked up, andvarious Wave lengths may be `received by variable timing and their modulations relayedon the standard local Wave length to thesubscribers, Who cann receive and recognize'the original messages thus relayed, Without tlie'necessity of vari-` able timing' or` highly sensitive instruments at theirstations. ment for distribution, by Which the ultimate receiving instruments are reduced to the simplest form compatible with `their purpose, I am enabled to concentrate yapparatus requiring more elaboration and carefuladjustment at the central stations. These are so related to existing high power broadcasting stations,

Vith the above arrangeand to others equipped as a part of'thefsys# tem, that `uniform service and uniform programs may be distributed tothe local central station according toa regular schedule,iand the cost of the primary broadcasting, aswell as any special programs' put 4on by the local distributing stations,`and the operation ofthe same `willy be JborneLby, the subscribers lby way of f ultimate` ,distribution in. individual charges aga-inst them. v

To control the radio communication in or-f der that it may supplement existing wire agencies, Ijc'omjbine thefabove described radicphone` "system -"with "a lstandard telephone" exchange system, locating thefstand'f'irdi'zed"AIV rxadiophone instruments at the telephone subyscribes stations, kiiialfing their` wire ycircuits i the existing wire. circuits ofthe telephone i system, providing means whereby theuse of tferfei'ng withthe telephone side of the sys? v`tem,"and'without changingany oi its circuits rapparatus. "The telephone service is givenv L precedence, so-thatfwheneverV a subscriber is ther radiophonesideyof thefsystem` may be ontoftliefflillest extentwithoutincalling or` called over his telephone line, all

radio connections which `might interfere are temporarily" broken. Y From the telephone standpoint, the` radiophone instruments may be *regarded as'fextension telephones superimposed ontlieteleplione lines .at thev subscribers,fstations, and ina larger aspect theradiophone system. as ajwhole may be regarded as a duplication "of the telephone exchange l'system uponiwhich 4it is superim-f4 posed".Y Itis intended `that the two shallibe,`

controlled andoperated by thef same coinf.`

pany, and since telephonecircuits are usuallyidle .more than 90 per cent of thevtime, i, anopprtunity isftlius 'aiorded togincrease the-earnings of the existing physical ,equip-n ment, asvvellvast'o produce'siibstantial earn-'l' .e ings on the additional `investment ,required` to install'the radioplio'iie instruments andy switchboards. f This device for co need, ,toy take over the radiosystemsof the country `as y an` organized unit, under Atra-ined expert managenient,y and to supervisey all transmissiony thereover "Without any interference "with the general: telephone service, and 'if necessary, withoutthe knowledge of' the 'subscribers thereto. y, y I Y Itwillbe apparentiafter reading the fore-v goingfstatement, that my incidental objects are "attained as a. necessary vresult of thefgentrolling and directing, thefradiopho'ne yserviceoverexistinglines of: organized telelgih'riner exchange systems, ren-17 ders Iit possible for the Government, in case of of the physical telephone plant Without ra corresponding increase in the investment,

but it is also necessary to forestall independ ent development of disorganized radio communication systems as lwell as their illicit or disorderly use.

Vith the foregoing arrangement, the management of andv responsibility forthe great bulk ofl the` radio apparatus in the country will beplaced in responsible hands organized'and trained to exercise it eiiciently according to law. For the detection of crime,

for the general dissemination rof intelli'gence,II `a'nd'to meet emergencies,'including the national emergency yof" war," it is indispensable that such anorderly arrangement be brought about as `will regulate the distribution and "i control of the apparatus, and the systematiz.- ingof the radio service on such a basis that it will pay for itself. i

My inventionis,illustrated in the accom-l panying drawings in Which:

[Fig: 1 is' aidiag'rlam showing a general'system embodying thesam'e g` Fig. 21s a diagram showing a central'sta tion telephone switchboard,- subscribers lines terminating thereon,` and subscribers telephones connected` thereto;

isv a diagram toLbe read in connec'-,

tilonwith- Fig.y 2,",showiiig' the radiophone set 'f'it"oneof` thel subscribers7 stations, and the radioswitchboard andf'associated equipment attli'eycentral station; ,i is `a diagra'lnshowingr a battery"chargedl and controlled over a pliantoin' circuit imposed o'na metallici magneto' telephone circuit a i 5, V6, Tand 8 are' schematic circuits substation litio showing ymethods of' connecting theradio battery with relationto tlie centralizedtelephonev battery and i 411g. y9y isa diagramioffamodiiied arrange-I j Referring to Fig. 1,1, 2y and, represent.. telephone subscribers stations connected by` wires' 4,'-5 and" 6 to the central telephone exchangel 7, onstitutingfthe distributing cen# 'teri'for thefarea in whichlocal subscribersl,

24, 3, ;et 'c.`,`far`e` located. Superposed upon this' telephone systemv is a `radiophone system COHIPFSnga central station 8 and subseribers stationsklfa,2a, 3a, etc.v l The central radio -v station or exchange is provided with switch- `boards and a complete broadcasting equip: -Inent,`and the subscribers stationsla, 2f, 3a -f etc., are provided with receiving instruments all standardized for the samel ywave length and adapted to respond to'thewaves radi` i atedffifom the `centra-l station 8. The inten,`

relation between the telephone system and the radiophone system is bymeans of physik 'f .cal connections indic'atedat l", 2b, andg at f the, subscribersi stations, y and (multiples orI trunkHextensionsll from thehtelepli'one exy i changeswitchboardsto the rradi'ophone er:` ..1

change switchboard in station No. 8. The detail of these connectionswill appear hereinafter, but it should be statedhere that the system of connect-ions isk such that telephone Wired traffic has the right of. way over the wires, while the radio traffic has the right of way over the radio side of the system. The arrangement is such that the radio operator cannot interfere with telephone operation, nor can a telephone operator interfere with the radio operation, although under proper conditions veach can act freely by way of borrowing facilities from the other. At all times, should a question of precedencel arise', the apparatus is arranged so as automatically to cut off the radio connections and to leave the wired lines clear for telephonie use.

Stations 12, 13 and 14 in this figure are typical of indifferently located distantstations which may or may not be a part of this particular system. As the figure is typical only, no'attempt has been made to give the geographical locationV of such stations or to show the actual arrangement and distribution of the telephone centers through which final` broadcasting to the subscribers must take place. Themain purpose of this figure is to -crystallize the method employed by which the development of a very large number of related individual receiving stations is replaced .by an orderly systemy of distribution through the telephone centers, wherebyl the .individual receiving instruments are localized, maintained, controlled and supplied with` definite service through regular channels, for which a definite charge can be madeand collected in the manner. usual in as the number of Wave lengths available for Y transmissionis' limited inthe present state tion-of the telephone organization itself.

ofthe art, advantage is taken of the organ,- izedsystem of wire distribution and Vlocalization to create a phantom Y system controlled and guided thereby.

Brieiiy stated',.as indicated in Fig. 1, each, radio central station or radio .department of atelephonev exchange, is not only provided.

with broadcasting equipment for its subscribers, but also with radio receivers adjustable by tuningto wave lengths allotted to such stations as those indicated at 12, 13 and 14, as well as primary stations maintained and operated by or under the direc- By means understood in the art, messages received at Ithe radio central stations are relayed on ,their respective standard wave lengths to the local subscribers.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, I have therein shown circuits ot the central office and substation equipments and connections, Fig. 2 representing the telephone side of the system, and Fig. 3 the radiophone side of the system. Before proceeding to detail description it may be noted that in accordance with standard telephone practice, provision is made for keeping the telephone lines and central oiice circuits clear of all grounds or other disturbing connections during conversation. Vhen fthe radiophoneV goes into service, by closing the filament switch itsl operation in receiving is identical with that of any radio receiver and in the eventthat use is made of any partial transmission of waves over the line wires, as will be hereinafter pointed out, said waves will be at a frequency above or below the limits of audition. In the present diagrann'Figs. 2 to 9 inclusive, I have shown the circuits arranged with nothing but continuous currentfor radio purposes over the telephone line wires. This lis the simplest form of control andthe one nearest-to presentv day telephone Apractice, and is absolutely certain not to produce any disturbance in adjacent conductors in the telephone cables. Each ra-diophone set is providedwith a cut offrelay energized when the telephone set goes into commission, either by calling or being called, and at the central oiiice whenever the radio operator takes controlof the line, he disables it in the usual manner by pulling up the cut off relay at Athe telephone switchboard, this however being subject to the condition that a special tone test may be put on, so that all operators may know that the line is held on the radio board, and subject to interruption for telephonefconnection. .-I prefer to use this tone test only with the radio operators testing plug,-'because his regular connecting plug.

includes Within itsfunctions that ofconnecting a subscriber throughthe station amplilier to the broadcasting transmitting set, and a connection of this character should not be interrupted without permission.

Referringnow to the/diagrams, Fig. 2, A and A aretwo subscribersstations connected by line wires 16-17 and 18-'19 respectively to the central station C where they terminate on jacks J'land J. P-P arefplugs` forming the terminals of a cord circuitQO-QL 22-23, having a bridged repeating coil I', ringing and listening keys K and K,'supervisory signals a-S and bridging connection to the main battery B. The same battery is shown supplying current to the line relays L, L, and through conta-cts at the'cut oiil relays L2, L3 to the respective lines for calling purposes. ln this system, when a subscriber takes down his receiver, t-he line relay lights its lamp, which iseX- tinguishedV when the operator inserts the answering plug. Battery supply 'for the connected lines is thereafter taken through the cord circuit 20422,'21-23, in a manner. well understood in the art. :llVhen the sub.-

station telephones are out of service, with their ireceivers hanging on their hooks, the line circuits are conductively open for direct current, leaving the ringers Q, and Q. in circuit for alternating ringing current passing through the condensers g--g.

Referring now to Fig. 3 it will' be observed that the radio switchboard which I have designated generally by the 'letter R, 'is' connected tothe subscribers" linesby multiple taps marked 16?, and 17a, and 17b and 18a,

19a, 19". These terminate yon multiple jacks;y J2, J3, correspondingA vto the multiple jacks'v on the telephone switchboard. It should be noted that throughout this systemVthe tip wires 16 and 18 with their branches are connected to ground, while the sleeve wires 17* and 19 and their branches, are. connected to battery.. This is extended into the radio side ot the system for the purpose of securing proper balance between the main battery or power plant of thatside and the main,v

battery or power plant of the telephone side of the system. i

At the subscribers stations taps are also taken off from vthe telephone terminalsto the radiophone terminals` as indicatedlat. v18C,v

19, and 19d; (The radiophone isv shown only at one substation for sake of simplicityy of illustration.)` The two branches 19`and 19d are taken from the sleeve or battery side y aul As will presently; appear, the radio circuits described vhereinare applicable to two-party or four-party lines, with individual metering of the party stations.`

Normally, that -is to say,1when thetelephonev circuit is not in f use,`the cutr off' relay L4 is deenergized and? as agconsequencel I the wire19 is connected throughka back the telephone circuit.y 'et y"contact ofthe relay through'extension wire,

24 to the branch 25 connected yto "the Abattery marked A1 in Fig. 3.' The wire 18c similarly 'passes through aback contact of the relay to the extension `wire 26 leading to test or listening relay 27 and ground. 18, it-will be remembered, leadsto the tip or ground side of the line, therefore .it is the. side which nin they radiophone can" be, `madeV useof with a permanent Vground or grounds',` ywithout disturbing the ybalance' f of Thev rradiophone receiver at the "substation 1 AHisfzshownQa's. comprising an"fantenna. 28,`

` tuned.` coupler Y 29,. detector tube.y 30, audio ainijiliiiertubes 31' and 132, andthe usual transformers i 33, 34, 35, the last mentioned` r transmitting the 'amplified audio waveslto` Where the radiophoneis attached to i. a party line substation, this relay L4 maybe` omitted, since/ensuch party-lines there arev usually .grounds on rone sideL or the other."

the telephone receiverr or loudspeaker 36.

` The. filament battery ris.` A1.r The. plate battery is B1 and suitable tuning condensers and coils, tickler coil for regenerative et-` ects, etc., are provided as required. 'I should remark inpassing that this representation of the radio receiver is intended tov be typical only.y The present invention vdoes not concern itself specifically with the design of the local radiophone sets, and

vothercircuits and apparatus may be substituted for those shown in the diagrams without depart-uref'from. the invention.

f The relay Lhas vfour pairs'of contacts,

one pair 27a closing the wire`s-25` andy 37 from battery A1to the filaments. Thesecond' pair 27b ycloses the wires 25` and 38 so as to put battery A1 on the'radiophone transmitter T, and throughthe induction coil I tofground. The'third and-"fourth pairs of contacts 270, 27?, close the wiresy 39 and` 40, forming terminals ofthe secondary" induction` coil rcircuit I', to'the'tip and sleeve side of the telephone line respectivelly, throughv the back contacts of relay L4. The transmitter T yis shown hanging upon a hook switch H controlling the connection of wires 41 and 42, constituting av y A1 and`r the filament bus 43. Thus the filament can be heated andthe radiophone putin service parallel link between the battery either through theagency of the relay L5, oi' by the vswitch hook H. rkThe formeriis controlled by the radio operator at central, and the latter by the subscriber vat `thefsubstation.y In addition tothe hook, the subscriber basa-manual switch h by which he can connect the battery wire 42 through va wire 44 tov his transmitter T', coil and ground, so as to energize histalking cir-v cuit. y

I provide an ordinary .telephone receiver t in series with the secondary of `the induction coil' I, and Iinterpose a pair of condensers g3, g4 between the secondary ofthe induction coil I and the receivert on theonehand, and the terminals of rrelay L5 on. the' other, so that While the subscriber by meansy ofk sWitchUal can connect thereover from the radiophone extension.

Returning now to the central station', and

particularly to the radio department thereof shown inFig.l 3T representsl a broadcasting transmitter, symbolized in very sim-` ple form, but supposed to contain they usual elements of power supply,`modulator, oscillator and. aerial, with suitable amplification of the audio Waves` supplied on the input side. The jack J4 connected to the amplifier` t2 and-thence `to the transmitter T, symbolizes a group of suchfjacksor equivalent connecting means such as automatic switches, controlled byfdialsor keys for connecting any of` thefwire lines ,to `said radio transmitter.

.. his phone Tv-ttor receiving-calls .overthe I telephonev line, lie cannot. originate calls.

Detailed appliances, both for the switching and for the radio transmission, are well known in the art, and needno specific description infthis specification, my present inventionhaving to doparticularly with the method ci transmitting by wave radiation to the subf'tations, and of bringing in all conversation originating or received at the substation radiophone over the subscribers wire line. This includes repetition oi modulated radio Waves received at the radiophone substation and yalso originating messages gathered up and to be put through theV amplifier t2 on the transmitter T for broadcasting.

y,It may be explained here that the transmitterT for general purposes is assumed to be the standardv wavelength transmitter. for

,the local exchange area,to which all of the substations are tuned and upon which they depend both for original messages and programs and for those receivedand relayed from a distance. There are special cases, however, in which certain groups of radiophone subscribersmay desire intercominunication among themselves, and I contemplate therefore the installation of d uplicates oyfrthis transmitter, which may be connected up for such group use. For example, a chess club desiring to meet, arranges a program, and at the appointed time its members attend at their radiophones, all removingtheir transmitters T-from their hooks, while the radio operator at the central station plugs up the multiples of their respective lines through their jacks .'J J?-'J3, and connects them on to a special broadcasting transmitterof the type T. This plugging up may be carried out in any desired manner, there being several ways well known in the art for thus connecting telephone lines together. The radio operator then supervises the operation,`since any one of the connected subscribers may be speaking through the broadcasting transmitter to the others, and it is necessary toV prevent interruption. The

V3 same might be said ofany meetingoi' a group of peopleheld inthis manner, the most valuable feature of this part of the invention being the absolute control aiforded over the transmitted messages. The connection to the broadcasting transmitter is solely within the control of the radio operator at the jack J4 or any other suitable 'forni of switch, and lic has it 1n his power therefore to cut oit connection at any time.

The cord circuit between plugs P2 and P3 in Fig. 3 is the same as the operators cord circuit in Fig. 2, but the radio operator also has special test cords such as that shown in the upper part of the figure connected to plug P* tor temporary use in testing. Here the keys 'K--c are of standard construction, as in the other cords, and tlie'test contact oi' the plug P4 is connected through suitable resistance to the supervisory lamp s2 to the radio battery Bnieanssuch as thecommutator p5 being prova sine wave current at lsuch voltage as videdl to give special tone teston thetest ythimbles of the Inultiplejacks, J, J', J2, etc.

It will be observed that the constant connection of the sleeve orbattery wire .24atthe radiophone substation to the bus wire 25 of the battery A1 produces charging of that battery by the constant flow voit' current therethrough from the main radio battery. B at the central oiiice. The amount of energy thus delivered to the battery A1 depends upon` the size oi the rline Wires, and the length of time a'vailabie `for suchcharging. As shown, the battery Wire 24 is not cut off except when the cut ofi relay Li* pulls up which is only when the line wire is in use for conversation. With No. 19 line wires, and using only vthe sleevel wirefor conduction, it would be possible to safely transmit from one-half' aiiiperes to two or three amperes, according to the line resistance and the voltage of the battery employed. Where this voltage is standard manual telephone voltage, say 22, and the single Wireresistance to the substation is from 25 to 50 ohms, it vwould be possible to maintain the battery A, continuously charged, provided the time of discharge be Anot, too longextended, andthe charging be not interrupted by vother contingencies,such as the excessive telephone use of the line. In Fig; 4 of the drawing I show. means forcharging such a battery over a phantom-circuit composed of the two sides of a magneto telephone line. Such `a phantom circuit of course possesses still lower resistance than a single wire of the pair and correspondingly augmenteJ the amount vof energy that may` be delivered without a prohibitive loss. Iiwish to point out in connection With'this, that radio instruments have recently beenA devised by the commercial kradio corporations, and ralso by the-United YStates Bureau of Standards, which employ rectified alternating current for lighting the filaments of the audion tubes, such currents being ystepped ldown to theusual voltage of tlievfilaments from the voltageof house which means current is thrown out on the tip side 18 of the line, then through extensions 18- and back contactof vrelay L4 to the winding of relay L. and ground. `The o eration of these test keys kwill be obvious rom the description. i,Key k enables-'the operator-to Vico "take al reading" on the battery"nf1,fthe liney resistance beingknwn, aiidth'einainfbatteries B," B" being'f'disc'onnected both* at the cut orf j 'relays L3,`L7 from'the line itself vr'and by'v the lbaek contacts of keyf'K fromthe plug P4. -`'Ihisis thefmost important `test lbecause the 'lam Iilam'ents can be observed by'the sub- *scri er', and any defects therein 'reported over the telephone. Acompanion'test however enables the operator to determine whether `the radiophone `instrument as a vvhol'e' 'isf functioning properly, assuming the transmitter T- to-,be hung-upon its hook'H "and as 'shownfltofha've its month piece turned 1' toward'theemis'sion orice'or diaphragm of the radio telephone receiver?.` Connection of battery Bfto the relayL5 causes'the sub-y s'oribers"telephone'set T,I, to'be connected ytolin'e and Iso to the multiplerjack J3, plug through the listening lley: k. lIt isv assumed lof course' that sornefform` of broadcasting is w `going on frointhe transmitter T, sov` that the radioLoperator not only getsaltest on the performance "of the ,individual subscriberjs radiophone, butl also -1 gets a test on his own broadcasting transmitterv and on the relativel tunin' 'scribe'rs'station f u p T `It should be noted that battery'B" inFig.` disconnected to the* sleeve Wires 17', 19a

through the contacts of `cut off relays L6, L?,

n `energized in parallel Withthe line cut'iol y relays'fLzandL? either yfrom the radio Iboard 'ables the centra-l office under all' circumstances'to keep a'talking line balanced and "snppliedwith current only throughl the connective cord or switch circuits,'but as shown in Figs. 5 to8`fi'nclu`sive, the connections" of the radio battery andjthat of the main-batn "teryare `such that kthe balance is' normally` jinaintained, and 'current is supplied insuch r"a Way1 to the'sleeve side ory the line thatno signaling; pparat fsfon the telephoneswi'tchkboar'dfis arl'ectedthreby. n

' Fig.` 5 sho'wstheficondition when a sub'- "scriber tallii'l'ifgfthr'cviigh the" telephone s'Witchboaid'"the*repeating 'coilf and the I f *being shown* bridged *across tlrelii'i ,iand'fthelad Faransmiyftnneaed ihr" to the subscriber` f fhattei ply ifor -1' Both the "ieatjraliza tra ipfgfcis'lewsfae meertalig-rentra when ergized unless the subscriber calls.

Pfzfand the operators head phone COII'IIPC'` gofthe same 'Withfrespectto the sab?,

or from' the telephone switchboard. This en- V radio set, and by Winding this relay so ,toconsume little cnrrent, this aiiordsiiieans yto disconnect the subscriber-s k'circuit "f'ri'n. w he radio switchboard until an inspector can L"nifalehis rounds and the instrument can n svvitchboardl; yWl'iile the radio battery is contial. placed upon thef'line terminal ofthe Winding 1 ofthe line relay, which, being leX- posed to balanced'potentials, Will not be en- Figs. 7 and 8 show corresponding conditions kWith the cut off relay L4 at the subscribers station for detaching lthe -battery A1 Whenthe subscriber is'talking.

' Itis not considered necessary to "actually adopt a permanent connection of the radio .battery B because telephone conversationsy are usualy brief and the time of useofithe current' fiow in the sleevefwirevvould not be therebygreatly curtailed. At thesame time, l

I have provided meansv in the cutl pif relays L6, L7 to 'disconnect the battery B vvhen the'lines arer plugged ,up for conversation as at min Figs. 5 and 7, ,andQWhen such cutoff relays are employed, ythe choke coils `m^1nay be omitted, so that `a"prsttically perfect balance may behad across-"the ter- Ininal's:A ofthe line relay L. In other hvo'rds, by usiiig the cut od relays L6,"L7,'fo'f Fig.

3, Iain able to dispense With vcholre'coils 'aa-4m and connect the battery or charging generator of any type as'shown in Fig. 3. Fig 9 shows a modied circui'tfin which the telephone switchboard and radio I"switchboard 'are provided with multiple. linefcon lnectins as before,'the 'radio f switchboard having connections to the radiobroad'casting transmitter 1T and tl1e"'radio operator having a full equipment of cords and plugs oflrnown" types symbolized at lP". The 'substation is provided With "'a radio detector set 'and receiver 36, normally -connectedjto the radio ydetector "set through back contacts ofthe relaylLs, whichy when energized by means oftheoperators'lrey Kxat the radio board, Will disconnectthe yreceiver 36 Aand connect ythe radiodetectorfseton its kaudio side directlyto 'Wires5253 and so through the contacts-'of cut ori" relayL tfo no iI )the line wiresjlf-f'l; `As Vthereis no bat- 'tery shown for the detector set (Which'fis typical only) the .radio central battery nfeed Ais omitted in thisffigureivhich represents'a very simple standardized lsystem in which however the radio 'operator still hasl perict control for ail purposes of theA ksnbstation :If it bev desiredlto have `no-grounds Voh n the rajdio'y battery busses at sabspations',`` such as that on the A battery. atI stationy A, "in

through contacts on switch hoek II', opened when the hooks are up. Many other details 01' operation may be introduced and elia ,es

c C vmade without de ia-i'tino from the scorie ot my invention.

I claim 1. A broadcasting system comprising pri-v mar 1 hiOh Bower stations using diilerent wave lengths, secondary stations having rcceiving radio sets tunable to the diiferent primary wave lengths and also having relay i transmitting apparatus controlled by the receivinglsets and operating on a standard fixed wave length the saine for all second ary transmitters, and subscribers receiving i'adio stations, grouped around each secondary transmitting station in its local area `and tuned permanently to tlieiixed trans-Y mitting wave lengths thereof.

2, AA radio system of intercominunication having aplurality of standardized uniform receiving stations divided into groups, all said stations being tuned to oneA common frequency and of sensitiveness limited to the areas covered by their respective groups, a

local-*transmitting station for each group working 4on said common wave length, and

means for modulating the waves radiated from said transmitting stations as deter .mined by primary stations using variable Acasting transmitter 1 wave lengths.

i 3. vThe combination of a plurality of substations, a central station, a radio broadat said' central station,

a radio receiver atveach substation, a wire liii'e coiinecting'each substation with the central station and a telephone on each line at each substation, with means at the central station `to interconnect the substatioiis 'for conversation through said wire lines, andV means also at said central station supplying operating energy to the radio receivers at the substations over said wire lines.

4. A, combined telephone and radiophone system, comprising a plurality of substations, a telephone and a radiophone at each substation, a central station common to said Vsubstations, line wires interconnecting the central station and the substations, and common means at the central station supplying operating current to both telephones and radiophones overtlie said line wires, with means at each substation to diiterentiate between the two and to prevent interference.`

5. Iiia broadcasting system, a'inain station, a plurality of substations, means at said main station for generating and transmitt-ing to the substations radio waves, means at thefsubstations for receiving'said waves, and individual :wire circuits from `the main station '.to the substations, with means atV the main station controlling the wave receiving means at the substations over said Wire circuits.

be carried si; tion to tlie substations, wit4 v6. In a broadcasting sustem, atinain station, a plurality ot substations, means at said main station for generating and tr iiiitting to the substations radio waves, means at the substationif; for receiving and individual wire circuits "rom the li a centrali@ source of current supply igor the substation receiving means, connected to said wire circuits and distifibuted tlieiel to the several substations. y f

'7. A broadcasting system comprising a primary station,l a `secondary distributing station, and a oluralitv of local receivinfv f l .l l'

stations related to the secondary station and all in permanent tune therewith, means at said secondary station to receive broadcast waves from the primary station at its wave length, and to relay and redistribute the saine in its own area'at the standard wave length to whiclrits receiving stations are tuned, and means also at said secondary station to determine when its transmitter is actually tuned to the fixed wave length ot its receiving stations. i f

8. In a radio-telephone system, a transmitting station, a receiving station, a wave transmitter at the transmittingstation for radiating modulated waves, a receiving set at the receiving station tuned to receive said:-

Waves, and awire circuit connecting the two stations with means 'to connect it to the receiving' set (itthe receiving station and means to transmit over said wire to the transmitting station modulated current cor-x responding to the saidmodulated waves.-

V9 In av radio-telephone system, a transmitting station, a receiving station, a wave transmitter at the transmitting station for radiating modulated waves, a receiving set at the receiving station tuned to receive said waves, and a'wire circuit connecting the two stations with means to connectit to the receiving set at the receiving station, and means at the transmitting station to control said connecting means.

10. In a radio-telephone system,a 'transmitting station, a receiving station, a wave transmitter at the transmitting station for radiating modulated waves, a receiving set atthe receiving station tuned to receive Said waves, and a wire circuit connecting thetwo stations with means tovconnect it to the receiving set at the receiving station9 and means at the transmitting station to control-4 said connectingmeans through Vsaid: wire 11,0 -i substation,

mittingstation, a`l receiving station, a Wave W transmitter at the transmittingstation for radiating modulated Waves, a receivingset yat the receiving station tuned to receive said Waves, and a Wiref circuit connecting the tWo stations with a source of energy for the refgceii'fing setlocatedat the transmitting sta-` tion and means for feeding said set from saidy source througlifsaid `Wire connection as determined at the transmitting station.

13." Abroadcasting ofr nibrefprimary transmitting stations 'op' erating `at variable Wave lengths, al localized secondary station," having receiving means "capable of variable timing to receive said variable broadcast Waves, and transmitting means connected therewith for relay modulation, v'but tuned for a fixed Wave length, yand a plurality of receiving stations related to' said vsecondary station by Wire circuits, and havingreceiving sets timed to the fixed Wave length of said station, with means controlled an `operator at said secondary station and operable through said Wire' circuit tomaintain said secondary station transfmittin'gmeans antlfsaid local" station receiving sets in constant tune -to a. common Wave length.; l 14. The combinationoi:- aplurality ofsubst'ation's,a central station, a radio broadcasting transmitter atk saidH central station,.a

station and afteleplione `on each lineat each substation,"vvith means at the central station.

to interconnect thesubstations for conversationsthrough-said Wire l1nes,`and means also atl` said central station controlling the operay,

ition ofthe radio receivers at oversaid Wireilines.

15. The combination of a yfstations,;a central station, a radio broadcast-y ing transmitter atr said central'y station, a radio receiverat each substation,` a wire line said substations plurality: ofk subconnecting eachl substation WithA the 'central stationy anda *telephone on each line `at each With meansiat the central station -"tofzinterconnect the sub'stations for conversaitionctlirough `said Wire lines, and means also at `sidcgtral station :for testing theradio vf-'I'eceivers at `said Isubstations through' said f'wirelines; f

`16. The combinatioiiofv 'a 'pluralityfof substations, ay central station, a radio broadcasting transmitter: at said l central station, -Faradio receiverfatteach substation,` a Wirer "ce -`line f connectinig'leach substation" With the 'ceiitral ystation :anda telephone on: each line ateach substation, witlimeans at the central 'station"to interconnect" the substations for icnve'r's'ati'onl through` said 'Wire lines, and

means also' at `said central st'ation riforlconsystem comprising onev `radio receiver at each substation, a Wire line connectingeach substation With the'central rality ofsubstations related thereto,

im@ l necting and disconnecting the radio receiving apparatus at said substationsfroni said Wire lines.

17. The combination of` a plurality of substations, a central station, a radio broadcasting transmitter at said central station,

line connecting each .substation with the central station and a telephone on each line at each substatiomvvith means at the central station to interconnectthe substations for conversation througli'said Wire lines,iand

means also at saidv central station for connecting and disconnecting the'v radio .receiv-` ing apparatus at said substations from said Wire lines, said means acting 'automatically to break the radio connections to the Wire line Whenit goes into service telephonically, and to reestablishl the same when said telephone connection is taken down or released.

' 18. A. radiophone system of intercommu'ni` 4cation comprising a central station, a pludirection, and correspondingly Amodulated Waves may be returned in the other direction. 19.y A radiophone system ofintercommunication comprising a central station, a pluand individual circuits interconnecting the same, each circuit. composed, Wire line andan ether return or viceversa, and transmitting and receiving means locatedat the central station'and at the substations, adapted to interrelate the ether Waves and the Wire currentsso thatmodulated radio Waves may be transmittedy in one direction, and correspondingly modulated Waves may be returned over the Wire circuit in theother direction, with means at the icentral station to controlthe transmitting means at eachsubstation.

20. A radiophone system of intercom# munication comprising a central station, a plurality of substations related thereto, and

over the`r vvire circuit individual circuits interconnecting the same, "120 each vcircuit composed, in operation, of `a --Wire line andl anether return or1vice versa, `and transmitting and `receiving' meansplo- `cated atthe central station and atthesubstations, ladapted to` interrelate `the et-her ra radio receiver at each substation, a Wire `so i in operation, y of `ya f the central station to control the receiving means' at each substation.

2l. A radiophone system of intercommunication comprising acentral station, ay

` direction, and correspondingly modulated Waves may be returned over the wire circuit in the other direction, with means at the central station-to control the transmitting and receivin means vat each substation.

22. A ra iophone system of intercommunication comprising a central station, a plurality of substations related thereto, and individual circuits interconnecting the same, each circuit composed, Vin operation, o a Wire line and an-ether return or vice versa', and transmitting and receiving means 1ocated-at the central station and at the substations, adapted to interrelate the ether waves and the wire currents so that modulated radio waves may be transmitted in one direction, and correspondingly modulated waves may be returned over the wire circuit in vthe vother direction, with means at the central stationv to control the substation operation. y

23. A radiophone ysystem of intercommu'nication comprising a central station, a plurality of substations related thereto, and individual circuits interconnecting the same, each circuit composed, in operation, of a wire line and an ether return or vice versa, and transmitting and receiving means located at the central station and at the substations, adapted to interrelate the ether waves and the wire currents so that modulated radio waves may be transmitted in one direction, and correspondingly modulated wa-ves may be returned over the wire circuit in the other direction, with means at the central station to controlthe substation operation over said wire lines.

24. `A radiophone system of intercommunication comprising a central station, a

lurality of substations related thereto, and individual circuits interconnecting the same, each circuit composed, in opera-tion, of a wire line and anether return or Vice versa, and transmitting and receiving means located at the central station and at the sub-v stations, ada-pted'to interrelate the ether waves and the wire currents so that modulated radio waves may be transmitted in one direction, and correspondingly modulated waves maybe returned over the wire circuit in the other direction, with switches at the substations controlling the relation of received and transmitted waves, andmeans at the central station for controlling said switches.

25. A combined telephone and radiophone system comprising a plurality of telephone substations, a telephone central station, liney wires interconnecting them, a plurality-of radiophone substations, a radiophone central station, means to; transmit `messagesirom saidradiophone central station to its substations by modulated'higlrfrequency waves, means at the radiophone substations totrans-y mit ,messages telephonically, wire connections between the radiophone substations andV the` telephone substations, and wire connec-` tions between the radiophone central station andthe telephone central station.

' .26.V A'combined telephone and radiophone system comprising a plurality of telephone,

substations, a telephone central station, linel wires interconnecting them, aplurality ofradiophone substations,l a radiophone central station, means to transmit messages 'from said radiophone central station toits substations by modulated high frequency waves, means at the radiophone substations to' transmit messages telephonically,wire ,con-'1 nections between the radiophone substations and the'telephone substations, and Wire con-- nections betweenthe yradiophone central .sta7 tion and .the telephonecentral station, to-` getherwith means ,controlled by atelephone subscriber 'inH calling to disconnect the wire connections between his telephone andithe corresponding radiophone. K ,i

27. A combined telephoneand radiophone system comprising a plurality oftelephone substations, a telephone central station, line wires interconnecting them, a plurality .of radiophone substations, a ,radiophone central station, means tov transmit messages from'said radiophone central station to its substations kby modulated high frequency waves, means at the radiophone` substations to transmit messages` .telephonically, wire connections betweenthe radiophone. substations-and the telephone sub/stations',Y and wire yradiophone substations, a radiophone central station, means to transmit messages Vfrom said radiophone centralstation to its substations by modulatedhigh frequency waves, means at rthe radiophone v substations to transmit-messages telephonically, wire connections between the radiophone siibstations andthe telephone substations, andrwire con-,v nections between the radiophone central station and thel telephone "centralistations,` and means controlled by'an operator at kthe radiof-y phone central station to connect and disconz nect the Wire circuits for telephonie commu# i nication. between each radiophonesubstation and the corresponding telephone substation.v

v substations,fa telephone'fcentral station, line` Wires* interconnecting them, 1 a plurality of,` radiophone substations,"a radiophone central 29.. lA combined `telephone land radiophone systemlcomprising? a `Iplurality of telephone station, means to transmit messagesr .from Said radiophone centraly f station vto its sublf stations by modulated highfrequency Waves; ymeans 'atthe radiophon'e substations to trans'- mitmessages telephonically, Wire 1 connections betweeny the radiophone substations andthel telephoney substations, and: Wire connections between the radiophone central!stationandr the telephone central` station, togetherwith; a

v centraliZed,v source lof. current supply at each of the L,central stations, bothE said `sources feedsubstations, a1 telephone lcentral station, line .Wires `interconnecting them,- ra yplurality ofradiophone snbstations, a `radiophone cential station-,1 means; f to transmit messages,v from said `radiophone central 'station gto its* substasY tions by'lmodulatedr high 'frequency vWaves, means at the `radiophonesubstations. toltransf:

linit messa-ges? teleplionically, Wire-m'connecsL tions between:y they radiophone ysubstations andy the'te'ljeph'one substations,. :and:- .Wire con-n nections ibetweenf the radiophone central sta-1. tion v and the telephone` central':` station, ,to`.l

getherk withua centralizednsource or: current supply :atl eachyof` :the A central stations, both said sourcesvyfeeding. independently through they linewires toitheltelephone substations and" to: 'Itho v radiophone. substationsu` respece;v tively, and meansvcontrolled by an; operator. y at .thetelephone' centrali station to disconnectl the radiophone'central battery: from a line' when? inl f use; fory telephonie conversation.; i

- @53h 1A- combined telephonewand radiophone systemfcom rising azcentral station andra plurality`- o 1 subscri'bers Stations gwitln` line Wires interconnecting them, a telephone switchboard containing'Yconnectivev terminals ofl saiduline Wires lo'r `rinterconnecting `the i linesfor telephonie conversation, acs'eparate radiophone switchboard" containing multiple terminals offsaidfllineaa telephonefset'andy a radiophojne f Set` at` 'eachi' lsubsoribers station,

' and.` means fori 'callinglfsaidl `sets separatelyl 'y from the` telephone switchboard andv from the radiophone switchboard respectively.;y 1

.1v 32. f' combined;i telephoneggand radiophone Lstation "for each group 'group vof"substations tlirouglrsa l system i comprising ra central? :station andra' pluralityof subscribersfstations with line Wires @interconnecting them, fa telephone switchboard containing connective terminals ofsaid line Wires forvinterconnecting` the;

linesl -for telephone conversation, a separate radiophone switchboard containing multipley terminals ofifsaidylines, a telephoneffset and a rradiophonegset yat each vsubscribers stan tions, fmeans -at theltelephone' switchboard for calling the said'telephone set,f andl meansy y at.` `the radio switchboard for calling: either 7 33u? l broadcasting primary:y high :power stations using different wavelengths," secondary stationsvhaving re-l ceivingmradio setsitunable toxthe diiferent primary S'Wave lengths vand 1 also having relay:

'transmitting apparatus controlled `by the receiving sets ,and operating on a standard tired` wave lengthnand subscribers receivingl stations grouped around each' second@y radio arytransmitting stationin `it s'local` area and tuned to the fixed `transi1"iitting Wave' lengths thereof; y ,p y

"34. Aradio system of` intercomm'unication having a ,plurality of standardized 'uniformi I ting stations as determined n i `byfpi'iinary'stasy `tions using variable Wave/lengths;

j 359A" broadcasting r `system comprising Y a primary .i station, i a secondary `distributiiig station, and, aplurality of local'ieceiving vstationsfrelated toy the secondaryjstation, means 'at said secondaryrstatinfio-*receive broadcast Waves from lthe primary station at vits wai/'eI length, and tofrelay and redis-- tribute'tlie 'same in its `own area'to its receiving station, and means alsoI yat" said secondary station to` determine `when its' transl mittei" vactually tune-d toa" Wave length ivhicli `its"reoeivingg; stationsareY normally 36. The combinaiiony of ar plurality of substatious ,A central station,y a radio' Qbio'tidcasting "transmitter at said `central station, a radiov receiverat each, substationyauivire line connecting each substation :with lthe central stationxand alteleplione on each line at `each substatioin; with `means at the fcenf. trai station vto confiiecta group oifvsaid sub# station.r telepl'iones tothe y"radio broadcasting transr'nittori for broadcasting I, from. y A trans? mitter, and means ateacli of` all. of' said substationsfuortuningthe radio receiverto the `broadcastingtransmitter, wherebyv anyy one or more ,of the subscribers'y at `said group of substations may broadcast among themselves ceivingradio'stations grouped around each* secondary transmitting station inv its local area normally tuned to t-he given standard wave .length thereof 'and tunable to 'said special wave length.

V38. A broadcasting system. comprising primary high power stations using diiferent wave lengths, secondary low power stations having receiving radio sets tunable tothe different primary wave lengths and also hav ing relay transmitting apparatus controlled by the receiving sets normally operating ona given standard wave length, duplicate transmitting apparatus at said secondary stations operable on a wave length different from' said given standard wave length, re`

cciving radio stations rgrouped about each secondary station and means at each rcceiving radio station for timing. the same to said duplicate transmitter. y f

39.Av broadcasting system comprisingv a plurality yof receiving stations all normally tuned to a common given wave 'length7 a transmitting station for said receiving stations normally working on the said given wave length, means for broadcasting from the'transmitting station on a4 wave length different fromsaid given wave length matvter originating at any one .or more of aplurality of said receiving stations comprising a subgroup, and means for individually tuning any one of said receiving stations to said second wave length at will..

e 40. The method of broadcast distribution which comprises primarily transmitting broadcast matter by radiation over a common area at different wave lengths, and relaying the broadcastmatter in different local areas to a plurality of receiving stations in each local area at a frequency common to all the receiving stations. 41. The method of broadcast distribution which comprises receiving broadcast matter at each of a plurality Vof relayv stations vat different Wave lengths and retransmitting thev received broadcast matter from each relay station lto a plurality of receiving stations grouped about it in a local area on a frequency'common to all the receiving stations of a group.

' 42. The method of broadcasting intelligence which consists in radiating high power electromagnetic waves for long distances over a large area at different wave lengths, transforming energy"'so'radiated to a plurality of separated points within the large area into low power electromagnetic waves of a definite fixed waveV length the same for all the received waves at any one point, and reradiating said transformed waves over smaller areas within said Alarge area. 'i

43. The method of broadcasting :intelli gence which consists in radiating Vvhigh power electromagnetic waves from a plu-V rality of primary stations by short wave carriers having an identifying energy char. acteristic .foreach primary station, Vreceiving the/energy so radiated at a secondary Istar tion for. relay transmission to a group fof receiving stations localto thesecondary station, changing the received energy into low power carrier wavesl having an identifying energy characteristic the same 'for all of the receiving stations of Va group and retransmitting the changed wave at low'power over a small areaincluding said group fof staf tions. "f f 44. The method of broadcasting intelligence' which consists in transmitting from a plurality of broadcasting stationsto 2a. plurality of receiving stations groupedy about each station, original communication on car` rier waves havinga wave length characteristic of the broadcasting staton,freceiving at-said broadcasting stations non-original communications on carrier wa'ves having different wave-lengths for the individual non-original communications, and retransmitting the non-originalk communications at ,any station on a Vcarrier wave having thewave length characteristic of that stationl 45. The method ofbroadcastingfover a system comprising tuned receiving stat-ioiis which comprises transmitting from a pri'- mary station to secondary stations, relaying from the secondary stations to receiving stations in a local area on a common wave length to which the receiving stations are tuned, and controlling the tuning'from the secondary stations.L

, y 46. The method of operating a'telephone exchange system` to provide broadcast seivice which comprises transmitting intelligence broadcast from t-he central office to the subscribers stations, and individually transmitting auxiliary operating Vpower to the subscribers stations lbyfcurrent conduction from thecentral oiiice.

47. The method of controlling broadcast service over a telephone exchange system which comprises transmittingl modulated waves from the centraloiiice to the subscribers stations by carrier current and transmitting the modulations received at the receiving station from the receiving station over the telephone line to .thecentral office.

48. The .methodof broadcasting :intelligence which comprises radiating signal said medium.

modulated waves in ai path fromA atransmit'-` ting station toy af receiving station, conductively transmitting operating energy in af parallel path `from` the transmitting station to the receiving; station, demodulating said signalfmodulated wave atthe receiving sta tion by meansof` thel conductively transmitted operating energy, and retransmit# ting the deinodulated Wave over ysaid paral-v lel path; y p

broadcastdistribution which `consists 1n vtransmitting* `froinone point to! another yaudio' frequency modulations on afradio fre-y quency.` carrier wave, and. returning the" samey modulations to the first point as low frequency waveszwithout a carrierover atangij-r ble conducting medium.` l i i 50,." The` method of: controlling yradio broadcasty ldistribution lwhich consists in., transmittingy in` one direction lthrough the ether* with a return;` to the,` transmitting point through :ja `tangible conducting vmedium',

mon yby means of modulated carrier waves,w and. returning the same modulations in' the formi roi?` coordinated electricalv :waves with--y out ra *carrierl throughy individualiy channels .to thedistrib'uting'point.' wi' f 52; The method of regionalbroadcast distribution# which consistsy in transmitting Waves in'fcommon to a pluralityf oft subscribers i'n.-a,m-given area andyreturningncoor# dinated `wavesderived from sai'df transmitted waves: individually. from receiving points f to the transmitting point@ l f 1 53. The method of organized' radio broadcast `*distribution which consistsy in transmittingbroadcast matter from a" central point over a common arearanduconductively and: individually supplying operating energy fromsaid centralpoint for actuation and cons trol of receiving instruments` at separated n ypoints in saidarea.

' 54; s The `method of organized radio1 broadkcastk distributionv which'consists in distributing? broadcastfwavesy over 1a common area', conductively and separately supplying `op eratingf current from the same Vdistributing point `to"` receiving f points" in said# area, and causingv the l.diverse .formsof energyf'thus supplied to, be .properly coordinated `and combined' Viat theI vreceiving points to' ,1 pros' duce proper receptionw of .1 the i signals transv mitted.

Theimeth'od ofiorganizeid:r'adiolbroadcastv distribution in conjunction-:withf organized ytelephonie communication1 which methody controlling broadcast distribution which consistsy in vdistributing `radio* broadcastl waves to subscribers .stations fromy a centralstation, controlling and supervising the reception of the broadcast Waves over subscribers `telephone circuits, and supplying operating energy for both services over said subscribers circuits, While maintaining. the telephonie apparatus irresponsive to the radio currents,fand the radio receiving apparatusirresponsive to telephone currents.

- 56.`I The g method, of cont-rolling n radiov` y comprises transmitting @modulated carrier waves broadcast `from ar central station to receiving stations, transmitting the modulations from a receiving station to the central station7 and iat the central ystation adjusting the .relation between the carrier wave:

frequency and the constants yof the circuits atthe receiving stationto regulate reception at the receiving station. 7

57. The method ocontrolling broadcast distribution to` selected subscribersA which comprises transmittingradio broadcast from a central station and testing, controlling and metering `the reception at the subscribers stations over individual wired' connections from the central oiice.y f i f i, 58p;l A combinedrrado and Wired' broadcast distributing system comprising a plurality of subscribers stations,y a centraly station, Wire connections between said stations, radio transmittingfnieans at` the central station, individual radio receiving means ateach subscribers station, responsive to said transmitting means,4 means atthe `central station common to a group of said subscribers stations for connectinggany of said` group `over their respective Wire. lines with the input' of said transmitting means for broadcasting `from the'y subscribersstations, vand operators supervisorysmeans rat the central stationk for .controlling saidgconnection with the transmitting means and' for establishinga talking connection with any one orr more of said subscribers in the group. t

59. A combined4 radio` and Wired broadcast distributing system comprising ,a plurality of subscribers stations,` a central, station, wirey connections between said stations, radio transmittingmeans'atthe central station,.individualy radio receiving means at each subscribers station responsive to saidvtransmit-v transmitting means at the central station, individual radio receiving means at each subscribers station, responsive to said transmitting means, means for connecting a group of subscribers stations together at the central station for general telephone conversation over said wire connections, and means at the central station for connecting any or all o said group of stations to the input of said radio transmitting means.

61. In a broadcasting system, a current distributing network composed of tuned wave conductors connected by a common transmitting medium and serving a plurality of receiving stations in common, a telephone exchange system having separate wired circuits leading to subscribers stations, a plurality of broadcast subscribers stations having broadcast receivers connected in common to said zo distributing network for common service thereover and individually connected to telephone circuits for individual communication thereover, and a central broadcasting station with transmitting apparatus connected to z5 said distributing network and having access to said telephone circuits for individual communication with said subscribers stations.

62. In a broadcasting system, the combination of a tuned wave transmitting network and a telephone exchange system, with a broadcasting central station and subscribers stations having combined broadcast receiving and telephone sets served by said central 86 station. said central station and subscribers sets being interconnected through both said network and said telephone system.

63. In a broadcasting system, a central broadcasting station and subscribers stations 0 served therefrom, in combination with a y tuned wave distributing network and wired telephone exchange system, with means affording communication between said central station and the subscribers stations over said network and over said telephone system as independent signaling channels in series, said means being irresponsive to ordinary currents carried on said network and said wires respectively. 6G In testimony whereof I hereunto aiix my signature.

- EDWARD E. CLEMENT. 

